Genesis 1:10

Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν ξηρὰν γῆν, καὶ τὰ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκάλεσεν θαλάσσας. καὶ εἶδεν ὁ Θεὸς ὅτι καλόν.

And God called the dry land Earth, and the gatherings of the waters He called Seas. And God saw that it was good.

ויקרא אלהים ליבשׁה ארץ ולמקוה המים קרא ימים וירא אלהים כי־טוב׃

* εἶδεν (Holmes; Lagarde; Nestle-Tischendorf; Rahlfs) | ἴδεν (Swete; Cambridge)
* συστήματα (Holmes; Lagarde; Nestle-Tischendorf; Rahlfs) | συστέματα (Swete)

 

Morphology

1. Καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)

• Root: καί
• Form: Conjunction
• Lexical Meaning: “and”
• Contextual Notes: Connects the naming actions of God.

2. ἐκάλεσεν (ekálesen) (Erasmian: ekálesen)

• Root: καλέω
• Form: Verb, Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
• Parsing Details: Aorist tense indicating a completed action in the past.
• Lexical Meaning: “called”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to God naming the dry land.

3. ὁ (o) (Erasmian: ho)

• Root: ὁ
• Form: Definite Article, Nominative Singular Masculine
• Lexical Meaning: “the”
• Contextual Notes: Marks Θεός (God) as the subject.

4. Θεός (Theós) (Erasmian: Theós)

• Root: Θεός
• Form: Noun, Nominative Singular Masculine
• Parsing Details: Subject of ἐκάλεσεν (called).
• Lexical Meaning: “God”
• Contextual Notes: Identifies the deity as the one naming the land and waters.

5. τὴν (tin) (Erasmian: tḕn)

• • Root: ἡ
  • Form: Definite Article, Accusative Singular Feminine
  • Lexical Meaning: “the”

• Contextual Notes: Refers to ξηρὰν (dry land) as the direct object.

6. ξηρὰν (xirán) (Erasmian: xērán)

• Root: ξηρός
• Form: Adjective, Accusative Singular Feminine
• Lexical Meaning: “dry”
• Contextual Notes: Describes the land that is dry.

7. γῆν (yin) (Erasmian: gēn)

• Root: γῆ
• Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Feminine
• Lexical Meaning: “land” or “earth”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to the land or ground.

8. καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)

• Root: καί
• Form: Conjunction
• Lexical Meaning: “and”
• Contextual Notes: Connects the naming of land and waters.

9. τὰ (ta) (Erasmian: tá)

• Root: ὁ
• Form: Definite Article, Accusative Plural Neuter
• Lexical Meaning: “the”
• Contextual Notes: Modifies συστήματα (gatherings).

10. συστήματα (systímata) (Erasmian: systḗmata)

• Root: σύστημα
• Form: Noun, Accusative Plural Neuter
• Lexical Meaning: “gatherings” or “assemblies”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to collections or assemblies of water.

11. τῶν (ton) (Erasmian: tōn)

• Root: ὁ
• Form: Definite Article, Genitive Plural Neuter
• Lexical Meaning: “of the”
• Contextual Notes: Modifies ὑδάτων (waters).

12. ὑδάτων (idáton) (Erasmian: hýdatōn)

• Root: ὕδωρ
• Form: Noun, Genitive Plural Neuter
• Lexical Meaning: “waters”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to bodies or assemblies of water.

13. ἐκάλεσεν (ekálesen) (Erasmian: ekálesen)

• Root: καλέω
• Form: Verb, Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
• Parsing Details: Aorist tense indicating a completed action.
• Lexical Meaning: “called”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to God naming the gathered waters.

14. θαλάσσας (thalássas) (Erasmian: thalássas)

• Root: θάλασσα
• Form: Noun, Accusative Plural Feminine
• Lexical Meaning: “seas”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to large bodies of water designated as seas.

15. καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)

• Root: καί
• Form: Conjunction
• Lexical Meaning: “and”
• Contextual Notes: Connects the naming with God’s observation of creation.

16. εἶδεν (íden) (Erasmian: eiden)

• Root: ὁράω
• Form: Verb, Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
• Parsing Details: Aorist tense indicating a completed action in the past.
• Lexical Meaning: “saw”
• Contextual Notes: Refers to God observing the goodness of creation.

17. ὁ (o) (Erasmian: ho)

• Root: ὁ
• Form: Definite Article, Nominative Singular Masculine
• Lexical Meaning: “the”
• Contextual Notes: Marks Θεός (God) as the subject.

18. Θεός (Theós) (Erasmian: Theós)

• Root: Θεός
• Form: Noun, Nominative Singular Masculine
• Parsing Details: Subject of εἶδεν (saw).
• Lexical Meaning: “God”
• Contextual Notes: Identifies the deity observing creation.

19. ὅτι (óti) (Erasmian: hóti)

• Root: ὅτι
• Form: Conjunction
• Lexical Meaning: “that”
• Contextual Notes: Introduces a clause describing the quality of the creation.

20. καλόν (kalón) (Erasmian: kalón)

• Root: καλός
• Form: Adjective, Accusative Singular Neuter
• Lexical Meaning: “good”
• Contextual Notes: Describes the seas and dry land as pleasing or beneficial in God’s creation.

 

Other Greek Versions

Gen 1:10 [Aquila of Sinope]
και εκαλεσεν ο Θεος τη ξερα, γη· και τοις συστημασι των υδατων (εκαλεσε), θαλασσαι.

Gen 1:10 [Symmachus]
και εκαλεσεν ο Θεος την ξεραν γην· τα δε συστηματα των υδατων εκαλεσε θαλασσας.

Gen 1:10 [Theodotion]
και εκαλεσεν ο Θεος την ξεραν γην· τα δε συστηματα των υδατων εκαλεσε θαλασσας.

 

Septuagint Manuscripts

Gen 1:10 [Codex Alexandrinus (A) (5th century)]1c1
καὶ ἐκάλεσε ὁ ΘC τὴν ξηρὰν γῆν καὶ τὰ συστέματα τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκάλεσεν θαλάσσας· καὶ ἴδεν ὁ θεὸς ὅτι καλό-

 

Critical Apparatus :