Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· βλαστησάτω ἡ γῆ βοτάνην χόρτου, σπεῖρον σπέρμα κατὰ γένος καὶ καθ᾿ ὁμοιότητα, καὶ ξύλον κάρπιμον ποιοῦν καρπόν, οὗ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ κατὰ γένος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως.
And God said, “Let the earth bring forth the herb of grass bearing seed according to its kind and according to its likeness, and the fruit-tree bearing fruit whose seed is in it, according to its kind on the earth.” And it was so.
ויאמר אלהים תדשׁא הארץ דשׁא עשׂב מזריע זרע עץ פרי עשׂה פרי למינו אשׁר זרעו־בו על־הארץ ויהי־כן׃
* γένος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς (Holmes; Lagarde; Tischendorf-Nestle; Rahlfs) | γένος εἰς ὁμοιότητα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς (Swete; Cambridge)
And God said, “Let the earth bring forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their kind and likeness, and fruit trees bearing fruit, in which is their seed, each according to its kind on the earth.” And it was so.
Morphology
1. Καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)
- Root: καί
- Form: Conjunction
- Lexical Meaning: “and”
- Contextual Notes: Connects phrases, introducing God’s command.
2. εἶπεν (ípen) (Erasmian: eipen)
- Root: λέγω
- Form: Verb, Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
- Parsing Details: Aorist tense, indicating a completed action in the past.
- Lexical Meaning: “said”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to God issuing a command.
3. ὁ (o) (Erasmian: ho)
- Root: ὁ
- Form: Definite Article, Nominative Singular Masculine
- Lexical Meaning: “the”
- Contextual Notes: Marks Θεός (God) as the subject.
4. Θεός (Theós) (Erasmian: Theós)
- Root: Θεός
- Form: Noun, Nominative Singular Masculine
- Parsing Details: Subject of εἶπεν (said).
- Lexical Meaning: “God”
- Contextual Notes: Identifies the deity issuing the command.
5. βλαστησάτω (vlastisáto) (Erasmian: blastēsátō)
- Root: βλαστάνω
- Form: Verb, Aorist Active Imperative, 3rd Person Singular
- Parsing Details: Aorist imperative, indicating a command for the earth to produce.
- Lexical Meaning: “let it bring forth”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the earth producing vegetation.
6. ἡ (i) (Erasmian: hē)
- Root: ἡ
- Form: Definite Article, Nominative Singular Feminine
- Lexical Meaning: “the”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to γῆ (earth) as the subject.
7. γῆ (yi) (Erasmian: gē)
- Root: γῆ
- Form: Noun, Nominative Singular Feminine
- Lexical Meaning: “earth” or “land”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the earth as the source of vegetation.
8. βοτάνην (botáni) (Erasmian: botánēn)
- Root: βοτάνη
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Feminine
- Lexical Meaning: “vegetation” or “plant”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to general vegetation or plants.
9. χόρτου (khórtou) (Erasmian: khórtou)
- Root: χόρτος
- Form: Noun, Genitive Singular Masculine
- Lexical Meaning: “grass” or “herb”
- Contextual Notes: Specifies vegetation as grass or herbs.
10. σπεῖρον (spíron) (Erasmian: speîron)
- Root: σπείρω
- Form: Participle, Present Active, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “yielding” or “sowing”
- Contextual Notes: Describes the vegetation as producing or yielding seed.
11. σπέρμα (spérma) (Erasmian: spérma)
- Root: σπέρμα
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “seed”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the seeds produced by plants.
12. κατὰ (katá) (Erasmian: katá)
- Root: κατά
- Form: Preposition
- Lexical Meaning: “according to”
- Contextual Notes: Indicates classification or type.
13. γένος (yénos) (Erasmian: génos)
- Root: γένος
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “kind” or “species”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the type or category of plants.
14. καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)
- Root: καί
- Form: Conjunction
- Lexical Meaning: “and”
- Contextual Notes: Connects different types of vegetation.
15. καθ᾿ (kath’) (Erasmian: kath’)
- Root: κατά
- Form: Preposition (contracted form)
- Lexical Meaning: “according to” or “in accordance with”
- Contextual Notes: Used here to indicate similarity or likeness.
16. ὁμοιότητα (omiótita) (Erasmian: homoiótēta)
- Root: ὁμοιότης
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Feminine
- Lexical Meaning: “likeness” or “similarity”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the reproduction of plants according to their kind or likeness.
17. καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)
- Root: καί
- Form: Conjunction
- Lexical Meaning: “and”
- Contextual Notes: Connects different types of plants and trees mentioned in the command.
18. ξύλον (ksílon) (Erasmian: xýlon)
- Root: ξύλον
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “tree” or “wood”
- Contextual Notes: Refers specifically to fruit-bearing trees.
19. κάρπιμον (kárpimon) (Erasmian: kárpimon)
- Root: κάρπιμος
- Form: Adjective, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “fruit-bearing” or “fruitful”
- Contextual Notes: Describes trees that bear fruit.
20. ποιοῦν (piún) (Erasmian: poiún)
- Root: ποιέω
- Form: Participle, Present Active, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “producing” or “making”
- Contextual Notes: Describes the action of the trees producing fruit.
21. καρπόν (karpón) (Erasmian: karpón)
- Root: καρπός
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Masculine
- Lexical Meaning: “fruit”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the fruit produced by the trees.
22. οὗ (u) (Erasmian: hoû)
- Root: ὅς
- Form: Relative Pronoun, Genitive Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “of which” or “whose”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the fruit that contains the seed.
23. τὸ (to) (Erasmian: to)
- Root: ὁ
- Form: Definite Article, Nominative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “the”
- Contextual Notes: Modifies σπέρμα (seed).
24. σπέρμα (spérma) (Erasmian: spérma)
- Root: σπέρμα
- Form: Noun, Nominative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “seed”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the seed contained within the fruit of the tree.
25. αὐτοῦ (aftoú) (Erasmian: autoû)
- Root: αὐτός
- Form: Pronoun, Genitive Singular Masculine/Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “its” or “his”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the seed within each fruit.
26. ἐν (en) (Erasmian: en)
- Root: ἐν
- Form: Preposition
- Lexical Meaning: “in”
- Contextual Notes: Indicates location of the seed within the fruit.
27. αὐτῷ (aftó) (Erasmian: autō̂)
- Root: αὐτός
- Form: Pronoun, Dative Singular Masculine/Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “it”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the fruit containing its own seed.
28. κατὰ (katá) (Erasmian: katá)
- Root: κατά
- Form: Preposition
- Lexical Meaning: “according to”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the categorization of plants by type.
29. γένος (yénos) (Erasmian: génos)
- Root: γένος
- Form: Noun, Accusative Singular Neuter
- Lexical Meaning: “kind” or “species”
- Contextual Notes: Indicates each plant and tree is reproduced according to its kind.
30. ἐπὶ (epi) (Erasmian: epí)
- Root: ἐπί
- Form: Preposition
- Lexical Meaning: “upon” or “on”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the location of plants on the earth.
31. τῆς (tis) (Erasmian: tēs)
- Root: ἡ
- Form: Definite Article, Genitive Singular Feminine
- Lexical Meaning: “the”
- Contextual Notes: Modifies γῆς (earth) as the genitive object.
32. γῆς (yis) (Erasmian: gēs)
- Root: γῆ
- Form: Noun, Genitive Singular Feminine
- Lexical Meaning: “earth” or “land”
- Contextual Notes: Refers to the earth as the location where vegetation grows.
33. καὶ (ke) (Erasmian: kai)
- Root: καί
- Form: Conjunction
- Lexical Meaning: “and”
- Contextual Notes: Connects God’s command with its fulfillment.
34. ἐγένετο (eyéneto) (Erasmian: egéneto)
- Root: γίνομαι
- Form: Verb, Aorist Middle Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
- Parsing Details: Aorist tense indicating completed action; middle voice shows occurrence.
- Lexical Meaning: “it was” or “it came to be”
- Contextual Notes: Indicates the fulfillment of God’s command.
35. οὕτως (oútos) (Erasmian: hoútōs)
- Root: οὕτως
- Form: Adverb
- Lexical Meaning: “thus” or “so”
- Contextual Notes: Emphasizes that the command was fulfilled exactly as stated.
Other Greek Versions
Gen 1:11 [Aquila of Sinope]
βλαστησάτω for Hebrew תדשׁא; LXX βλαστησάτω; Vulgate germinet
βλαστημα χορτου for Hebrew דשׁא עשׂב; LXX βοτάνην χόρτου
σπερματιζοντα for Hebrew מזריע זרע; LXX σπεῖρον σπέρμα
Gen 1:11 [Symmachus]
εξαγαγετω for Hebrew תדשׁא; LXX βλαστησάτω; Vulgate germinet
σπερματιζοντα for Hebrew מזריע זרע; LXX σπεῖρον σπέρμα
Gen 1:11 [Theodotion]
εξενεγκατω for Hebrew תדשׁא; LXX βλαστησάτω; Vulgate germinet
βοτάνην χόρτου for Hebrew דשׁא עשׂב; LXX βοτάνην χόρτου
LXX Manuscripts
Gen 1:11 [Codex Alexandrinus (A) (5th century)]1c1
Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ΘC Βλαστησάτω ἡ γῆ βοτάνην χόρτου σπεῖρον σπέρμα κατὰ γένος καὶ καθ’ ὁμοιότητα καὶ ξύλον κάρπιμον ποιοῦν καρπόν οὗ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ κατὰ γένος εἰς ὁμοιότητα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως